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''Iki'' (いき, on in Japan, roughly "chic, stylish". The basis of ''iki'' is thought to have formed among urbane commoners (Chōnin) in Edo in the Tokugawa period.〔Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Iki''" in ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' (Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File ).〕 ''Iki'' is sometimes misunderstood as simply "anything Japanese", but it is actually a specific aesthetic ideal, distinct from more ethereal notions of transcendence or poverty. As such, samurai, for example, would typically, as a class, be considered devoid of ''iki'', (see ''yabo''). At the same time, individual warriors are often depicted in contemporary popular imagination as embodying the ''iki'' ideals of a clear, stylish manner and blunt, unwavering directness. The term became widespread in modern intellectual circles through the book ''The Structure of "Iki"'' (1930) by Kuki Shūzō. ==Interpretation== ''Iki'', having emerged from the worldly Japanese merchant class, may appear in some ways a more contemporary expression of Japanese aesthetics than concepts such as ''wabi-sabi''. The term is commonly used in conversation and writing, but is not necessarily exclusive of other categories of beauty. ''Iki'' is an expression of simplicity, sophistication, spontaneity, and originality. It is ephemeral, romantic, straightforward, measured, audacious, smart, and unselfconscious. ''Iki'' is not overly refined, pretentious, complicated, showy, slick, coquettish, or, generally, cute. At the same time, ''iki'' may exhibit any of those traits in a smart, direct, and unabashed manner. ''Iki'' may signify a personal trait, or artificial phenomena exhibiting human will or consciousness. ''Iki'' is not used to describe natural phenomena, but may be expressed in human appreciation of natural beauty, or in the nature of human beings. Murakami Haruki (b. 1949), who writes in a clear, unflinching style—at turns sentimental, fantastic, and surreal—is described as embodying ''iki''. In contrast, Kawabata Yasunari (1899-1972) writes in a more poetic vein, with a closer focus on the interior "complex" of his characters, while situations and surroundings exhibit a kind of ''wabi-sabi''. That said, stylistic differences may tend to distract from a similar emotional subjectivity. Indeed, ''iki'' is strongly tied to stylistic tendencies. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Iki (aesthetics)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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